The Annals of The University of Oradea. Economic Series – Selected Papers – Special Edition – 20 years of Academic Economic Education in Oradea
Titlul Lucrarii: CHALLENGES, VULNERABILITIES AND WAYS OF APPROACH IN ROMANIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT SUSTAINABILITY
Autor(ii): Zaman Gheorghe
Rezumat: The notion of a country’s external debt, measured by a complex system of static and dynamic indicators, knows a lot of approaches and opinions in the literature, more or less convergent, complementary and advanced in terms of factors.
Indicators of the external public and private debt on short, medium and long term provide a snapshot of indebtedness of the country and are the most researched domain in the literature, including national and international financial bodies, which adopt a series of classification criteria of countries in terms of size and dynamics of external debt.
In this study, we intend to make an analysis of the volume, dynamics and structure of the current Romania’s foreign debt, showing the challenges for national economic policies, present and perspective, the internal and external vulnerabilities and ways of approaching the external debt sustainability.
According to the definition given by UNCTAD, a sustainable foreign debt is that level of debt which:
- allows the indebted country to pay all current and future debt service without resorting to restructuring or rescheduling;
- prevents accumulation of arrears and defaults;
- in parallel provides an acceptable level of growth in the lending country.
Until recently, Romania was considered a country with a low external debt. Currently, the situation has changed, meaning that this debt, somewhat neglected in the early transition period has become a serious threat to present and future sustainability of economic development in Romania.
In general, external debt concerns financial and economic interests of all parties especially creditors and debtors, by the formula “win-win”, so that, currently, some countries have surplus of balance of payments, usually the most developed and economically healthy, while others have deficits that, in extreme situations, can lead to inability to pay the debt, which means tough measures and policies, especially for the living standards of many generations of taxpayers.
Paginatia: 11 – 44
Titlul Lucrarii: EXPERIENCES AND TENDENCIES TO DECENTRALIZE THE CAPABILITIES OF THE ECONOMIC POLICY AT THE EUROPEAN UNION LEVEL
Autor(ii): Dodescu Anca
Rezumat: Romaniaâs integration in the European Union implies, apart the complex process of policy transfer, the learning of new modes to make policies characteristic to a multi-level governance and partnership culture. Of the different levels of governance of the European model, the regional level (regional governance) most faithfully reflects, in our opinion, the complexity of reconfiguring the role of state in economy, at the beginning of this new millennium, in the European Union space and presents the highest practical importance for Romania, as a new Member State of the European Union, for, at the regional level, the structures are more flexible and the good practices are more rapidly assimilable. The selection of the best regional growth and development economic policies, the choosing of the objectives out of a series of competing options, the calibration in time and space of powers, roles, capabilities, and responsibilities and the encouragement of the win-win solutions call upon the choice and combination of some appropriate and efficient instruments. Representative for the new context, the regional growth and development policy must integrate, in Romania too, more knowledge, more creativity, new combinations of capabilities and new fields of expertise.
This paper presents preliminary research results afferent to the post-doctoral research project: Growth and regional development economic policies. Challenges for Romania in the context of economic-financial crisis and European model integration, carried out in the project “Economic scientific research, reliance of human welfare and development in European context, the Romanian Academy, Costin C. Kiriţescu National Institute for Economic Research, project financed for the 2010-2013 period from the European Social Fund (EFS) and implemented by the Romanian Academy, Costin C. Kiriţescu National Institute for Economic Research, in the period of time 1 December 2010 – 30 November 2012, coordinator: Professor Dr. Valeriu Ioan Franc.
The question we intend to answer, in the present phase of our research, based on the comparative analysis of the decentralisation systems of several Member States of European Union, respectively on the analysis of the regional disparities existing at the European Union level and of the effects of the economic integration, is – to what extent the capabilities of the regional policy should rather be concentrated in the hands of regional authorities or of the European Union than to be left individually to the Member States which should conceive their own regional policy?
What we intend in this paper, based on the analysis of some experiences to decentralize the capabilities of economic policy at the European Union level, is to identify the regional implications of the interconnection of decentralization, centralization, respectively supra-nationalization tendencies and, implicitly, the analysis of the way to reconfigure the role of state in economy at the regional level, in the context of integration in the European model. The examination of the way to reconfigure the role of state in economy at regional level requires the review of the allocative, distributive, and regulating roles of the state from a regional perspective, the analysis, on one side, of the decentralization of economic policy capabilities from the national level to the regional level (for example, national level: pure public goods supply, for instance, national defence and the centralization of fiscal policy capabilities in order to achieve macroeconomic stability and revenue redistribution; regional level: mixed public goods supply, for instance, waste collection and community policy), on the other hand, the centralization/decentralization of regional capabilities at the European Union level.
Cuvinte cheie: European integration, role of state in economy, decentralization, regional governance, regional growth and development policy
Cod JEL: F15, H4, H5, H7, R5
Paginatia: 47 – 61
Titlul Lucrarii: A NEW THINKING FOR A NEW WORLD. REPRESENTATIONS FROM ECONOMY
Autor(ii): Negucioiu Aurel
Rezumat: An incursion, even a succinct one, incomplete, in the universal history, in the world economic history and not in the least in the real world gives more and more credit to the idea according to which the movement is the main form of existence – working and evolution – of the society, economy, and of all the structures they are made of. Its force motrice, its internal cause is represented, in our opinion, the unity and interaction of opposites.
The changes, the transformations taking place in society and in its economy have direct or indirect authors the human beings who, using their minds, leaven bread and express at the beginning through thinking, the objectives that are going to complete or lessen reality. The positive changes and transformations that the people operate renew the world.
For more than half of a century, the humankind has been in a vast and very complex process of transformation, changes with innovative character. In other words, a process of building a new world. Hence, the need to create a new thinking. A new thinking for a new world
Making a halt in the field of economy – theory, science and practice – we are trying to bring to attention to those interested a few considerations concerning the truth value of some paradigms in the theoretical circuit, including their degree of rationality or irrationality.
Cuvinte cheie: capital, industrial capital, commercial capital, financial capital, human capital, social capital, microeconomics, mezoeconomics, macroeconomics, national economy, mondial economy, world economy, economic development, eco-economic development, eco-economi
Paginatia: 63 – 83
Titlul Lucrarii: CONTINUING INTERNATIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN THE FINANCIAL CRISIS CONTEXT
Autor(ii): Berinde Mihai
Rezumat: This research paper is based on an assessment of the effects of the recent financial crisis on the international trade and the way states and international organizations acted in this context. The importance of this research topic consists in identifying the way the international trade liberalization process has been affected by the financial crisis and the way anti-crisis measures deviated from the basic rules agreed under the aegis of WTO/GATT.
The intended purpose of the paper is to conduct a substantive assessment of undertaken actions by the various states aimed to mitigate crisis impact on anti-dumping investigations and measures. Precisely, it was assayed whether the international financial crisis has been an opportunity for WTO member states to plainly intervene in the economy and give up the commitments they made in the context of multilateral commercial negotiations. Considering the international, regional and national effects of the crisis the topic has been copiously elaborated on by economics literature. A number of anti-crisis measures were presented encouraging massive intervention in the economy, as well as actions, particularly of International Organizations according to which measures could be taken without deviating from globally agreed mechanisms and principles. In order to be able to find out which of these two options prevailed in actions undertaken by the states the types of international, regional or national anti-crisis measures were selected. Positions voiced by the World Trade Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), European Union are rendered.
To answer the question about the way it has been responded in order to mitigate crisis effects, adopted anti-crisis measures were inventoried and their deviation from international rules was assessed.
One of the indicators used in the assessment of anti-crisis measures is the progress of the anti-dumping investigations and measures notified to WTO in the past 9 years for which data were available (2003-2009). The relevance of this period lies in the fact that it includes 5 pre-crisis years and 2 years when it was strongly evident.
It was found that the number of anti-crisis investigations and measures has not seen significant increases during the crisis period. Moreover, it has been found that states have shown a certain amount of flexibility in construing application of certain international principles rather than relinquishing them.
It is thereby demonstrated that the international trade liberalization process continues without major disruptions by the financial crisis. This gives confidence to states and business environment with respect to predictability of international trade developments.
The paper has significant added value brought about by both literature processing and interpretation and the authorâs experience in international trade negotiations. The very election of the indicator pertaining to anti-dumping investigations and measures was based on the fact that changing trade defence mechanisms into protectionist mechanisms often stands for prevailing immediate crisis resolution.
Cuvinte cheie: financial crisis, antidumping investigations and measures, trade liberalization, state aid, preferential trade systems
Cod JEL: F13, F15
Paginatia: 85 – 89
Titlul Lucrarii: EUROPEAN AUSTERITY WITHOUT GROWTH? EUROPEAN GROWTH WITHOUT EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY?
Autor(ii): Montani Guido
Rezumat: The European project is facing a crisis. Citizens no longer understand what the EU is about. Young people and the new ruling class have forgotten the clear message of the European project launched just after the Second World War No wars ever again among Europeans. The founding fathers of the European Union are mentioned in history textbooks, but today Europe is felt as an irritating bureaucracy. In Europe, peace and economic stability are considered as a natural state, a gift from above. Why keep a useless EU alive?
The state of the European Union is swiftly degenerating. In almost all the member states, the anti-European forces are gaining ground. Populism is not a new ideology and is not necessarily European: letâs recall Peronism. In todayâs Europe populism is the new manifestation of nationalism. In Italy the Lega Nord is in Berlusconiâs eurosceptic government. In France, the National Front is endangering UMPâs hegemony. In Belgium the rows between the Flemish and the Walloons threatens the stateâs unity. In the Netherlands, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Austria and Finland, populist forces are either in the government or strongly influencing the government.
National-populism is different from the nationalism of the past. De Gaulleâs nationalism was an ideology founded on the grandeur of Franceâs history and on a certain idea of Europe, which was lâEurope de patrie, a kind of European unity accepting French leadership in world politics. Today national-populism is a form of micro-nationalism: it opposes the European project but without having a serious alternative. This is why populism is dangerous. Its real goal is not only the breaking down of the European Union but also the disintegration of the old nation states into micro-ethnic states, as what happened in former Yugoslavia.
Paginatia: 91 – 95
Titlul Lucrarii: ACCOUNTING FOR SUSTAINABILITY: WHAT NEXT? A RESEARCH AGENDA
Autor(ii): Cunningham Gary M., Fagerstrom Arne, Hassel Lars G.
Rezumat: This working paper responds to increasing calls for more and different forms of accounting research involvement in accounting for sustainability. It seeks to provide background, clarify the accounting research issues, and suggest research methods. The background analysis indicates that accounting for sustainability must go beyond supplemental reporting of ecological and social information to include such emerging issues as integrated reporting of sustainability information along with financial reporting. Additional emerging issues are needs of users of sustainability reports, auditing and other assurance of sustainability information, and sustainability implications of financial failure, accounting and auditing failures, and lack of enforcement. Analysis of integrated reporting against traditional financial accounting theory concepts of the purpose of financial reporting and the postulates of going concern, reporting entity, monetary unit, and time period, indicates a need for substantial changes in the traditional financial accounting model if sustainability issues are to be integrated. The agenda concludes with five research issues and methods:
- An accounting research framework for sustainability using general systems theory approaches that have been useful for similar emerging issues.
- Reporting of sustainability information which has been the focus of most research to date, and the emerging important topic of integrated reporting.
- Users of sustainable information, their uses and perceived needs, an area that has been largely neglected in research to date.
- Auditing and assurance issues that are taking on greater importance as more users demand assurance for sustainability information. Issues include standards to be used and users expectations and reactions.
- Financial distress and sustainability consequences of accounting and enforcement failures that are just now being recognized as sustainability issues.
Cuvinte cheie: accounting for sustainability, integrated reporting, needs of users, audit, assurance
Cod JEL: M41, O16, M42
Paginatia: 97 – 111
Titlul Lucrarii: LE DYNAMISME DES TPE ET PME ET L’éVOLUTION DE L’éCONOMIE ROUMAINE
Autor(ii): Jubenot Marie – Noelle, de la Villefromoit Marc
Rezumat: The Entrepreneurship concept has its roots in the mid-1970s, it is getting really important much later in the 1990s (Hernandez, 2010). The entrepreneur is at the heart of regional development as an engine of growth. The entrepreneurial culture is the challenge for Romania in order to better integrate into the European Economic Area. Entrepreneurship involves business creation, and also the firms management for development. The Romanian private sector can be characterized by two indicators: the very small businesses and their low density relative to population. Much progress has been made ​​since the beginning of the transition, but Romania is still lagging behind other countries in the area Central and Eastern Europe. One way to address the characteristics of the industrial system in Romania is perhaps the establishment of business networks (or clusters) to boost businesses.
Cuvinte cheie: Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), transition, Business Growth, clusters
Cod JEL: M20, P20
Paginatia: 113 – 117
Titlul Lucrarii: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH REGARDING THE MARKETING COMMUNICATION TOOLS USED IN THE ONLINE ENVIRONMENT
Autor(ii): Pop Nicolae Al., Acatrinei Carmen
Rezumat: Starting from the meaning of the communication process in marketing, the authors try to identify its role in assuring the continuity of the management process in what concerns the relationships between all the partners of the company, on the long term. An emphasis is made on the role of online communication and its tools in relationship marketing.
In order to validate some of the mentioned ideas the authors have chosen to undertake a qualitative marketing research among the managers of some Romanian tourism companies. The qualitative part of the study had as purpose the identification of the main tools which form the basis of the communication with the beneficiaries of the touristic services, of the way in which the companies use the online communication tools for attracting, keeping and developing the long term relationships with their customers in the virtual environment.
The following tools have been analyzed: websites, email marketing campaigns, e-newsletters, online advertising, search engines, sponsored links, blogs, RSS feed, social networks, forums, online discussion groups, portals, infomediaries and instant messaging. The chosen investigation method was the selective survey, the research technique – explorative interrogation and the research instrument – semi structured detailed interview, based on a conversation guide.
A very important fact is the classification resulted after the respondents were requested to mention the most efficient tools for attracting customers and for maintaining the relationships with them. Although the notoriety of the online marketing tools is high, there are some tools that are known by definition, but are not used at all or are not used correctly; or are not known by definition, but are used in practice.
The authors contributed by validating a performing methodology of qualitative research, a study which will open new ways and means for making the online communication tools used for touristic services in Romania more operational. It is to be mentioned that the chosen domain of application has not yet been researched within the national literature.
The qualitative research results will form the basis for a quantitative study among the consumers of touristic services in order to identify their opinion in what concerns the usage of online marketing tools by the tourism companies in maintaining the relationships with them.
Cuvinte cheie: Relationship Marketing, CRM, Online Marketing Communication, Market Research
Cod JEL: M31
Paginatia: 119 – 125
Titlul Lucrarii: THE IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE THE CRISIS EFFECTS. CASE STUDY: ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Mester Liana, Bugnar Nicoleta, Fora Andreea
Rezumat: The economic crisis creates a series of consequences such as loss of jobs, reducing wages, insecurity of the population, reducing standard of living, material hardships, low self-confidence and hope for the better, illnesses, altered human relationships, social protests, ever greater scale strikes, in other words, deterioration of the economic environment.
This paper aims to identify possible solutions to improve the effects of the crisis on the quality of life, based on figures from surveys conducted by research firms and the possible correlations to be made between these dates, without attempting to consider that these solutions are unique or the best. The main indicators considered for identifying the negative aspects of the crisis among the population are: the evolution of unemployment, changes in gross domestic product or wage developments in the economy and the share of expenditure linked to the basic needs out of the income earned. Regarding the possible solutions to reduce the population crisis, they are closely related to the credit and monetary policy, and also to the budgetary policy.
Under the impact of the economic crisis, the business environment in Romania has suffered. Sub impactul crizei economice, mediul de afaceri din Romania a avut de suferit. Since most investments in 2008 were of foreign origin, the fact that this crisis has affected Romania as well did not surprise anyone. Nowadays Romania’s business climate is characterized by lack of direct foreign investments and self funding sources whereas the population declares itself in a large proportion -more than 50% - to be affected by the crisis (1).
Effects of the crisis can also be observed in the evolution of consumersâ behavior who fearing layoffs and declining revenue, not only turned to buying the same products or to purchase cheaper products, but also to reducing the amount of the purchased products.
The quality of social life is essential and strongly related to stimulating economic activity.
Satisfaction felt by the consumer will determine the level of consumption and will influence and ultimately decide the supply level. An adequate economic policy in Romania to restore the balance between supply and demand in the market may induce a state of economic recovery. This should be the objective of anti-crisis policies.
Cuvinte cheie: crisis, quality of life, unemployment rate, gross domestic product, wages rate, social conditions of life, economic environment
Cod JEL: F41, F41, J17
Paginatia: 129 – 133
Titlul Lucrarii: POVERTY AND LIVING. ROMA POOR NEIGHBORHOODSÂ IN ROMANIA AND HUNGARY
Autor(ii): Olah Gheorghe, Olah Serban, Flora Gavril, Szekedy Levente
Rezumat: The first part of our paper is a theoretical debate of the most important research results concerning the Roma population in Romania and Hungary, while in the second part we proceed to the interpretation of our own empirical research data.
Methodologically, our research is based on sociological survey. Data concerning socio-occupational characteristics of Roma communities have been collected by means of a questionnaire based survey of active aged Roma population from Oradea and neighbouiring rural localities in Romania and Hungary (Oşorhei, Ineu de Criş, Biharkeresztes, Told).
The paper concludes with policy reccommendations aimed at the members of the target group.
Cuvinte cheie: Living, Roma, Poverty,Romania, Hungary
Cod JEL: R23
Paginatia: 137 – 183
Titlul Lucrarii: UTILISATION OF BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES FOR FUNDAMENTING DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Rujan Ovidiu, Tartavulea Ramona Iulia, Vasilescu Felician, Geambasu Cristina Venera
Rezumat: Benchmarking is a method used to measure the products, services and processes in comparison to an entity recognized as a leader in terms of performance of its operations. Used in the years 1970-1980 in the strategic management of the company currently has proven to be increasingly useful in many areas, including in international analysis models. In the European Union benchmarking indicators are used especially in the digital economy and as perspective indicators for 2011-2015 (Eurostat, Database).
In the introduction we present and define forms of benchmarking, as well as a number of specific terms, which contribute to a better understanding of the content of this scientific work. Time series are used to highlight advances in labor productivity in EU countries, and the analysis is particularized for two countries: Romania and Germany. Quantitative data were collected from the source Eurostat website.
A comprehensive indicator at macroeconomic level is resource productivity, representing GDP in relation with domestic consumption of material (DCM). DCM measures the amount of materials used directly by an economy. It is presented in tabular form for all European Union countries and Switzerland, as evolving over a period of eight years.
Benchmarking method is used to highlight some differences (gaps) between EU countries regarding productivity and particularly the one between Germany and Romania is highlighted, concerning the performance of manufacturing industries. It is expected that this gap will diminish. The gap was highlighted by relevant graphics and interpretations.
The second part of the paper focuses on comparative analysis of factors productivity using the production function. We analyze labor and capital productivity and other factors that determine the level of production. For highlighting the contribution of the labour factor we used the number of hours worked, considering that it reflects the analyzed phenomenon more realistically. For highlighting the contribution of capital factor we used as an indicator the capital stock in euros, available for Germany in the Eurostat database, and for Romania in the Statistical Yearbook 2009, expressed in RON, as comparable prices and then converted into euros at the average rate calculated by the NBR . The results for the entire manufacturing industry represent the basis for further expansion of benchmarking to the main components of this industry, especially automobile building, transportation vechicules, furniture, clothing, leather chemical, etc.., providing a scientific basis to fundament the economic policies including commercial ones.
Cuvinte cheie: benchmarking, labour productivity, resource productivity, capital productivity, sustainable development strategy
Cod JEL: F15, F31, L6
Paginatia: 185 – 189
Titlul Lucrarii: THE BRAND EQUITY OF TOURISTIC DESTINATIONS – THE MEANING OF THE VALUE
Autor(ii): Ban Olimpia, Popa Luminita, Silaghi Simona
Rezumat: In todayâs global economy, each place competes with other places for economic benefits. Destination has become a product that has to be promoted and sold in the most advantageous terms. The work bellow is an analysis of brand equity concept for touristic destinations, as found in the specific literature. Destination brands differ from product brands, major distinction being given by their stability/ instability. Brands of products are stable; this constant is maintained by the use of quality standards. Even in case of services, situation can be controlled, as quality standards could be perpetuated by a franchise system. Destinations are not depending on a single person, who decides, but a variety of them, economic agents, businesses, institutions and local population that can create/print form and structure changes of the destination.
The concept de brand equity applied for touristic destinations, is something relatively recent. The dimensions of a brand for touristic destinations are: awareness, image, loyalty, quality and value. All these dimensions build the branding equity of a destination. There is interdependency, between quality, image, loyalty and value. In order to determine the perception in regards to the quality of tourism services in Romania, in 2010 a comprehensive study was done among the inhabitants of Oradea city. Through this study we have pursued several objectives: to assess the importance of service characteristics, performance evaluation of tourism services in Romania, tourism personnel evaluation, in terms of evaluation and performance, perception of the quality-price ratio for Romania, compared with other tourist destinations. We call on the exploratory study conducted, as the value of the dimension- destination of the brand equity is given by the price-quality ratio. Using an explorative study on the market of Oradea city, it was highlighted the connection between perception of touristic services, estimation price-quality (value) and the loyalty potential of the foreign clients in proportion with the Romanian tourists, consumers of the Romanian touristic products.
Cuvinte cheie: brand equity, destination, tourism, survey, Oradea
Cod JEL: M21, M31
Paginatia: 193 – 199
Titlul Lucrarii: THE TOURISM BARRIERS OF THE DISABLED
Autor(ii): Babaita Carmen, Nagy Andreea, Filep Adrian Viorel
Rezumat: This article seeks to address a very sensitive issue in Romania, the disabled tourism. The natural question is whether tourism can respond and meet the needs of such people. Internationally, the researches in detail about tourism for people with disabilities are limited in this direction, and those who exist are focused more on lack of physical access to certain services in the hotel units. As for the problems (barriers) that a person with disabilities may face when seeking to participate in the act of travel there were found numerous internal and external barriers in trying to participate in tourism activities. The  study seeks to identify how normal people behave towards people with disabilities and aims to demonstrate the existence of correlations between the responses of the interviewees, which would lead to the presentation as close to the truth as possible of the results from the sample (section), transposed over the population from which the sample belongs and also lead to finding conclusions on which there could be made several proposals.
Cuvinte cheie: tourism, disability, social tourism, attitude, internal and external barries
Cod JEL: M10, L83
Paginatia: 201 – 205
Titlul Lucrarii: START-UP FINANCING SOURCES: DOES GENDER MATTER? SOME EVIDENCE FOR EU AND ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Badulescu Alina
Rezumat: Although financial resources are very important in SMEs in general, and for start-ups in particular, many entrepreneurs face numerous restrictions in finding sources for start-up financing. The present article aims to investigate the similarities or differences in start-up financing sources due to gender issues, otherwise to investigate if female entrepreneurs use (or have access) different financial sources in the early stage of their business.
As reported by the literature, access to finance is one of the most important issues for SMEs and nascent entrepreneurs. Moreover, among the main financial issues, the first one is the access to start-up finance (Schwartz, 1976; Carter and Cannon, 1992; Johnson and Storey, 1993; Koper, 1993; Van Auken et al, 1993; Carter and Rosa, 1998, FOBS survey 2005). In all sectors, women use for starting up businesses substantially less capital then men. Women encounter, more then men, credibility problems when dealing with bankers. This problem causes important effects concerning the performance, survival and growth of women-run businesses.
The present research focuses on revealing how male and female entrepreneurs face and solve the problem of start-up financing sources. The methodology is based on using the dataset  Enterprises managed by the founder – broken down by gender of the entrepreneur, available in EUROSTAT database. The data selected refers to the start-up financing sources available for European Union and Romania, regarding activities included in NACE: Industry and services excluding public administration and management activities of holding companies and 2005 as time of reference. The data were used to make some comparison between: male versus female entrepreneurs in EU; male versus female entrepreneurs in Romania; EU entrepreneurs versus Romanian entrepreneurs.
The main findings reveal that there are no significant differences between men and women concerning the start-up financing sources. The main sources are the internal ones: own fund and savings (ranging from 82% to 92%), and financial assistance from family and friend (ranging from 25% to 34%), both for male and female entrepreneurs, both for EU as an aggregate and Romania. Among the external sources, bank loans are the most important: they have been indicated by 17% of the females (EU) and 19% of the males, about 10 times more than the other external sources together: capital contributions from other enterprises and venture capital. There are no significant gender differences in EU case, and also there are not in the case of Romania. Apparently, gender does not matter about sources used for start-up financing. The most significant difference concerns the financial support from public authorities as financial source. The number of female entrepreneurs indicating financial support from public authorities as a source for start-up financing represents 6.18% in EU, versus 0.17% in Romania (36 times less in Romania than the EU average), while for men the figures are 4.85% in EU versus 0.30% in Romania (16 times less in Romania). This gap brings again in front of policy responsible the imperative of financially supporting nascent entrepreneurs, as the key to sustainable economic growth.
Cuvinte cheie: entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurship, financial sources for business start-up
Cod JEL: M13
Paginatia: 207 – 213
Titlul Lucrarii: COMPETITIVENESS – GROWTH FACTOR. POINT OF VIEW ON THE SITUATION IN ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Cismas Laura Mariana, Bucur Oana Nicoleta, Pitorac Ruxandra Ioana
Rezumat: This paper considers the issue of competitiveness of national economy, making specific reference to the economic situation of Romania in the year 2010.
The diversity of views on approaches to competitiveness in the literature requires consultation of reports prepared by prestigious international forums and organizations, using relevant indicators and economic variables.
Cuvinte cheie: Competitiveness, economic growth, productivity, economic environment, economic efficiency.
Cod JEL: F43, O47
Paginatia: 217 – 221
Titlul Lucrarii: DYNAMICS ECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN NORTH-WEST REGION OF ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Florea Adrian
Rezumat: Even though over the years has enjoyed wide media coverage, with highlighted aspects, discrepancies and inequalities of economic potential between different regions of the world, or even parts of the same countries always remained topical. Difficulties arising from these differences were always felt, extremely painful by humans.
Analyzing distinctly, participation of each county to the GDP of the Northwest Region and the composition of all indicators, we can identify significant discrepancies between counties, regions and municipalities. This is one of the reasons that led us trying to identify the causes that generated the current situation. From the perspective of the contribution of each county in the Northwest Region to Region’s domestic product composition, the first place is taken by Cluj county 32.3%, followed by Bihor with 24.3%, Maramures, with 14.9% Satu-Mare, 12.1%, Bistrita-Nasaud, 9.1% and 7.2% Salaj. Consulting of the Regional Operational Programme 2007-2013 indicates that the poorest areas in the Northwest Region are in Maramures and Bistrita-Nasaud.
An important part of the active population of North-West Region was employed in public enterprises and an increase of unemployment in the counties of Salaj, Satu Mare and Maramures became predictable, imminent amid restructuring of public enterprises with losses. Studies of employed population by sectors of the economy, shows a high rate of population employed in services in the counties of Cluj and Bihor and high employment in agriculture on other four counties. In a modern market economy, services are most concentrated labors, and how the workforce is distributed in the Northwest region also shows an imbalance.
How Northwest Region is participating in international economic cycle has major effects on the population\’s living standards. Relevant for the inter-district disparities analysis is the human and agents behavior analysis and the savings and loan relationships. How people behave in these ratios in each county tells us much about their economic profile.
Attenuation of long distance gaps in the Northwest region remains a very complex problem, attempts to decrease it, is bringing into question, not infrequently contradictory strategies. Supporting the few remaining state-owned enterprises in the region could lead to a revival of activity, attracting attention of foreign investors can thus lead to recovery of much of the labor resources of the Region.
Expansion and modernization of transport and distribution networks would provide a further chance to faster development of the North-West by exploiting the growing regional economic resources available, enhancing economic relations both intra and extra regional.
But we can not fail to mention the part state should play in orchestrating these measures. Despite the independence of regions, they are subordinated to the central administration, and strategic investment policy depends to an overwhelming extent of it. Only by linking effective measures at national, regional and local level will alleviate the sustainable economic gaps.
Cuvinte cheie: disparities, restructuring, reforms, investments, consequences
Cod JEL: E01, E24, J11, R12, W24
Paginatia: 223 – 227
Titlul Lucrarii: ABOUT OTHER KIND OF PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH (HOMO-SAPIENS TO HOMO-OECONOMICUS)
Autor(ii): Jivan Alexandru
Rezumat: Part of a larger research, this paper ranges among the matter of ideas confrontation concerning the causes of the economic crises and those keys to be passed. Paper aims at finding and praising the defining elements of our economy, in the purpose of better understanding the nowadays crisis, and at presenting certain conceptually different approaches.In this purpose, analytical presentations are focussed on the specific realities of the economic life that are in position in the last centuries, which are considered to be favouring the arriving to the critical states in the last years and to be promoting those maintaining, or which allow explaining certain effects and tendencies.
The approach is made from the angle of the nature of the productivity that is had in view and highlighted in the market regulating mechanisms, and of the due growth. The paper is grounded on important analysis on the matter (including anterior researches of the author), but their dimensions does not allow their presentation in the abstract.Analysis starts from interpreting the very nowadays crisis, from different sites concerning the core (general) causes, by correlating with certain features of the industrialized consuming society. More recent references are made in the literature on the matter. Modern western economy is defined from the angle of focussing on material-quantitative productivity and growth. Analysis tries to explain certain effects concerning this kind of focus. Interesting effects and tendencies are noticed, that miss to the traditional approaches.
Further on an opposed theoretic model is discussed. This is built and developed inside the service economy (on the case of two conceptually similar approaches, came from two different sources of economic thought in the field; original contributions of the author are involved). Adequately to the knowledge society, this last one is considered more favourable for homo sapiens, at least once the visible effects of the last two hundred years model are revealed, which are dominated by homo oeconomicus.
This reference model being set up, a short foray is intuitively made in the perspectives of humanity on long run and on very long time, in the supposed maintain of the present economic model. In all those presentations and analyses, connections are made with other papers on the matter, in the purpose of more profound study. The conclusions concern the practical possibility of the model opposed to the industrialist economic crisis.
The details highlighted from the analysis of the conceptual comparison between models and prospections bring, in the final, at proposing solutions, grounded on fundamental requirements on the line of humanity’s values, with didactic addressing to the young generation. The elements of contribution of the author are underlined in the presented matter. Cuvinte cheie: productivity, modern growth, economic crisis, knowledge society, service economy
Cod JEL: A13, H49, I25
Paginatia: 229 – 235
Titlul Lucrarii: THE POTENTIAL OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A REGIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ENGINE IN THE WESTERN ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Pop Cohut Ioana
Rezumat: Starting from the objectives, activities, and the results of the empirical, quantitative, and qualitative research carried out in the AntrES project (AntrES – Project acronym “Entrepreneurship and Equal Opportunities. A new school for women entrepreneurship” – Antreprenoriatul si egalitatea de sanse. Un nou model de scoala antreprenoriala pentru femei), during the two years of implementation, in the Western Romania referring to the new businesses start up; business development; the motivation and difficulties of female entrepreneurs and potentially enterprising women;Â of their perceptions regarding the need for entrepreneurship education, the role of female entrepreneurship promotion and the impact of the successful models on new businesses start up – this paper presents directions of action meant to emphasize and support the potential of the female entrepreneurship in Romania, as a regional growth and development engine.
Keywords: women entrepreneurship, new businesses start up, regional development
JEL Codes: B54, H81, M13, M21, R11, R28, R53, R58
REL Codes: 13C, 14D, 14 K, 16H , 18F, 18G, 20J
Paginatia: 237 – 243
Titlul Lucrarii: TOURISM’S CHANGING FACE: NEW AGE TOURISM VERSUS OLD TOURISM
Autor(ii): Stanciulescu Gabriela Cecilia, Molnar Elisabeta, Bunghez Magdalena
Rezumat: Abstract: Times are changing and so are the demands and expectations of the ‘new’ traveller, the search for different experiences, different adventures, different lifestyles has paved the way for this concept called the ‘new tourism’ Attention is being turned to exploring new frontiers or daring to go where traditional thought did not allow.
“New” tourists however, are increasingly being seen to be environmentally sensitive, displaying respect for the culture of host nations and looking to experience and learn rather than merely stand back and gaze. “New” tourists are participators not spectators. Things that would never appear on the list of the “mass” tourist such as adventure, getting of the beaten track and mingling with the locals are now the foundations of the new tourist experiences.
Responding to the shift in market dynamics towards a “New” style of tourist, a number of initiatives have or are likely to fuel the growth of experiential tourism, these include: network tourism initiatives; the development of interpretive highways; the explosion of interpretive centers;the latest trend towards regional base camps.    A new era has arrived, and a new kind of tourism is emerging, sustainable, environmentally and socially responsible, and characterized by flexibility and choice. A new type of tourist is driving it: more educated, experienced, independent, conservation-minded, respectful of cultures, and insistent on value for money. Typically these tourists are turning away from travel and prefer to have a high level of involvement in the organisation of their trip.
Paginatia: 245 – 249
Titlul Lucrarii: YOUTH LABOUR MARKET. MOBILITY, CAREER DEVELOPMENT, INCOMES. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Autor(ii): Vasile Valentina, Vasile Liviu
Rezumat: This paper presents the main characteristics of the youth labour market, with a special view on mobility, career development and incomes. The paper is substantiated by and continues the researches of the authors on the topic of labour force mobility and on the one of adaptability, respectively on youthsâ beahviour on labour market (with particular consideration of young graduates) highlighting the factors that adjust choices regarding taking up a job, career advancement, labour motivation, professional and personal satisfaction opportunities which are provided by the labour market at local level, in country and abroad. Quantitative and qualitative indicators are presented about Romanian youthsâ labour market within the European context during the transition period. The impact of the crisis on youthsâ labour market is analysed, highlighting the challenges and opportunities, the particularities of the newly created jobs and especially the knowledge, skills and competencies requirements (KSC). The authors propose both the improvement of the systems of indicators for defining the potential and presence of youth on the labour market, the economic and social impact of external mobility of young graduates and an integrated scheme of policy measures for promoting adaptability and performance integration on Romanian labour market of youth. Particular attention is paid to presenting policy instruments for halting/diminishing the brain drain and brain shopping phenomena by promoting an attractive (professionally and monetary) supply for employment in Romaniaâs local economy. The authors succeed in highlighting the functional links between the education market (labour force supply) and labour market (employment demand of the business environment) underpinning the requirement of integrated management of labour potential in the years preceding studiesâ finalization and up to the post-insertion years by multi-criteria analysis models and graduate career tracking programmes. Correlative measures are suggested for policies, procedures and monitoring instruments of youthsâ adaptability on labour market, as alternative to external migration/mobility for labour.
Cuvinte cheie: labour market, education market, young graduate adaptability, labour mobility, career development
Cod JEL: J40, I20, J61, I25
Paginatia: 251 – 263
Titlul Lucrarii: THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE PUBLIC DEFICIT OF THE EU COUNTRIES
Autor(ii): Batrancea Ioan, Batrancea Maria, Nichita Ramona-Anca
Rezumat: In this paper, the authors make an analysis of the second wave of the actual World Financial Crisis. They present the consequences of the first wave of the World Financial Crisis, namely the Banking Crisis, on the EU countries public debts.
Cuvinte cheie: analysis, crisis, public debts, EU
Cod JEL: G30
Paginatia: 267 – 271
Titlul Lucrarii: INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE IN THE ANNUAL REPORTS OF ROMANIAN MANUFACTURING LISTED COMPANIES – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Autor(ii): Bogdan Victoria, Platon Judit, Farcas Mariana
Rezumat: One of the most researched topic regarding financial reporting and disclosure of today is the way intellectual capital or knowledge assets contributes to the improving of the quality of information disclosed and create or add value to business performance. Also, it is acknowledged that a company has access to a variety of tools for disclosing information on intellectual capital. In our study we have decided to investigate the concept, the measurement models and the intellectual capital disclosure practices using as the source of our documentation books, articles, working papers and online publications. So, in the first part of our research we have presented several points of view in respect to the concept of knowledge assets or intellectual capital and in the second part we have reviewed the literature on the topic highlightening several scholars opinion on reporting and disclosure issues.
Cuvinte cheie: knowledge, intellectual capital, reporting practices, disclosure, annual reports
Cod JEL: M41, M10, G14, D83
Paginatia: 275 – 283
Titlul Lucrarii: PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES ON FISCAL
Autor(ii): Morar Ioan Dan
Rezumat: Fiscal science advertise in most analytical situations, while the principles reiterated by specialists in the field in various specialized works. The two components of taxation, the tax system relating to the theoretical and the practical procedures relating to tax are marked by frequent references and invocations of the underlying principles to tax. This paper attempts a return on equity fiscal general vision as a principle often invoked and used to justify tax policies, but so often violated the laws fiscality . Also want to emphasize the importance of devising procedures to ensure fiscal equitable treatment of taxpayers. Specific approach of this paper is based on the notion that tax equity is based on equality before tax and social policies of the executive that would be more effective than using the other tax instruments. I want to emphasize that if the scientific approach to justify the unequal treatment of the tax law is based on the various social problems of the taxpayers, then deviates from the issue of tax fairness justification explaining the need to promote social policies usually more attractive to taxpayers. Modern tax techniques are believed to be promoted especially in order to ensure an increasing level of high efficiency at the expense of the taxpayers obligations to ensure equality before the law tax. On the other hand, tax inequities reaction generates multiple recipients from the first budget plan, but finalities unfair measures can not quantify and no timeline for the reaction, usually not known. But while statistics show fluctuations in budgetary revenues and often find in literature reviews and analysis relevant to a connection between changes in government policies, budget execution and outcome. The effects of inequality on tax on tax procedures and budgetary revenues are difficult to quantify and is among others to this work. Providing tax equity without combining it with the principles of discrimination and neutrality in the tax to ensure an objective of fiscal policy.
Cuvinte cheie: Fiscal science ,the principles of taxation, procedures,taxpayers,budgetary, revenues
Cod JEL: H-20
Paginatia: 285 – 287
Titlul Lucrarii: IFRS COMPLIANCE REGARDING INFORMATION DISCLOSED BY COMPANIES IN CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CASE STUDY ON IAS 23 BORROWING COSTS APPLICABILITY-
Autor(ii): Tiron – Tudor Adriana, Fekete Szilvester, Dragu Ioana – Maria
Rezumat: This paper concentrates on information disclosure regarding IAS 23, being included in accounting research field. It comprises an empirical study on the correlation between information published by companies in consolidated financial statements with respect to borrowing cost policies and a series of variables that characterize a firm. The objectives of this paper involve estimating and establishing an econometric model in which is assumed that disclosure index for information required by IAS 23 depends on certain elements in the form of country of origin, sales, total assets, debt ratio, ROA and ROE. International accounting literature presents a series of studies on the subject of compliance with IAS disclosure requirements. Similar with this paper, various authors considered annual reports as starting point for data gathering in their reasearch on disclosure phenomena. The criteria used for data gathering, processing and analysing have been previously used in a successful manner by important scientists who published in accounting field. The methodology used involves Disclosure Index computation, as well as SPSS data processing, analysis and interpretation of results. Results show that the model is valid, meaning that there is correlation between information disclosure with respect to IAS 23 and the analyzed variables. According to our estimated econometric model, most of the variables maintain a certain influence on disclosure as we can observe a significant correlation level between the studied elements. This research contributes to the development of both accounting field and international accounting literature, by studying borrowing costs disclosed information in relation to certain elements that best characterize the activity of a company. Although an empirical paper, it concentrates also on accounting practices, as it uses real data extracted from annual reports and consolidated financial statements. The importance of this research relies in its originality approach, by studying the information disclosure for borrowing costs that represent one of the most important accounting fields.
Cuvinte cheie: information, disclosure, borrowing costs, annual reports, correlation
Cod JEL: C51, C53, M41
Paginatia: 289 – 295
Titlul Lucrarii: MODELING ROMANIAN EXCHANGE RATE EVOLUTION WITH GARCH, TGARCH, GARCH- IN MEAN MODELS
Autor(ii): Trenca Ioan, Cociuba Mihail Ioan
Rezumat: In this paper we analyze the return of exchange rate in order to test and analyze the best models which are capable of forecasting accurately there evolution. We apply the GARCH family models on the exchange rate return in order to obtain the best models for there volatility. Financial time series often exhibit abnormal characteristics, such as: serial correlation, non-stationarity, heteroskedasticity, asymmetric and are leptokurtic. Due to these characteristics autoregressive models such as autoregressive (AR), moving average (MA) and autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) are unable to capture the evolution of financial series, to represent the special characteristic of financial a hole new range of models where developed : generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH), which are taking into account the heteroskedasticity of the errors term. The GARCH model allows for lags in the autoregressive term and in the variance term incorporates lags of the previous variance and also for the errors. The GARCH family has expanded in the last years in order to incorporate for asymmetry (Threshold GARCH, TGARCH) and risk (GARCH -in Mean).
We analyze the evolution of exchange rate for: Euro/RON, dollar/RON, yen/RON, British pound/RON, Swiss franc/RON for a period of five years from 2005 till 2011, we observe that in the analyzed period there are 2 sub-periods: 2005-2007 in which the RON appreciated constantly, and 2007-2011 in which the trend is depreciation for RON in respect to all the five currencies and the volatility was sensible higher than in the previous period. We obtain the returns on exchange rate by using the following transformation r=log(curs_t)-log(curs_t-1); the five analyzed series display an leptokurtic and asymmetric behavioral. Using the GARCH, TGARCH and GARCH-in Mean models, we explicit the evolution of volatility throw this period, choosing the best model using the following : minimizing the value of the sum of squared errors, Akaike and Bayesian Information Criterion.
Cuvinte cheie: exchange rate, GARCH, TGARCH, AIC, BIC.
Cod JEL: G01, G21
Paginatia: 299 – 305
Titlul Lucrarii: MONEY: FROM STATISTICAL DEFINITION TO MONETARY POLICY FOR ADOPTING EURO.
Autor(ii): Zapodeanu Daniela
Rezumat: Abstract: The evolution of monetary aggregates is closely related to the economic cycle, especially the evolution of GDP. The study aims to analyse the primary monetary aggregates (M1), the secondary (M2) and the tertiary (M3) in three Central and Eastern European countries: Romania, Bulgaria and Poland. The countries were chosen as follows: Romania and Bulgaria on the basis of the economic and geographical closeness and Poland as a benchmark for the first group. The data used are money supply, monetary aggregates: primary, secondary and tertiary, in Romania, Poland and Bulgaria, for the period January 2004 – March 2011, the monthly series are obtained from central bank websites, Poland’s Central Bank and Bulgarian National Statistical Institute. The evolution of monetary aggregates of the three countries was compared with the Euro area and it was noticed a high degree of similarity between countries more developed economically as compared to less developed countries. From the viewpoint of optimum currency areas, it is necessary that the countries that adopt the Euro would respond symmetrically to external shocks and also have similar economic behaviour. Our study aims, in this respect, to analyse the components and the characteristics of the monetary aggregates, as well as the trends existing within them. The analysis of the correlation between monetary aggregates will show how the way in which the monetary mass and aggregates behave and which the sense of connection established between these countries is. We find that Romania and Bulgaria have a similar comportment, the correlation between these being the highest, we observe some differences between Romania and Bulgaria versus Poland.
Paginatia: 307 – 311
Titlul Lucrarii: TOOLS USED IN DECISION MAKING
Autor(ii): Demian Horia, Perez Bernabeu Elena, Abrudan Maria Madela
Rezumat: Decision making is one of the important tasks of every manager. The process of taking decisions has to be based on knowledge. For optimizing this process some software solutions has been created. In this article we tried to summarize some of the features which exists in some software applications.
Cuvinte cheie: decision making, risk solver
Cod JEL: M21
Paginatia: 315 – 319
Titlul Lucrarii: PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. THE CASE OF ROMANIA. CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT.
Autor(ii): Bibu Nicolae, Lisetchi Mihai
Rezumat: The public administration has a major role in partnerships establishing and operating with different community actors aiming at solving specific community problems. In the process of identifying and solving the community problems the actions of the non-governmental organisations are considered as alternatives to the solutions of the public administration.
The advantages of an on-going collaboration between non-governmental organisations, as relevant agents in the social economy, and the public authorities aiming at solving the community problems were identified and aknowledged by both sides representatives. The access to complementary resources, and implicitly, an increase in the range of actions of the partners beyond mathematical calculus, an increase in the credibility and public image of the partners, as well as the social benefit corollary to positive models established within the community, are only a few of the arguments. The question raised is why this type of a more consistent approach is not used in the current practices of solving the community issues in Romania. The following causes should be considered in response to this question: the lack of an associative culture at the level of all potential partners, the access to resources is by far too limited on behalf of any of the two parts involved, a neutral, thus, unrestrictive legislative environment, but at the same time, unstimulating towards an associative action, i.e. limited management capacities on both sides.
From this perspectives, this paper aims at clarifying the partnership concept (definition, typology), the public-private partnership role in solving community problems and the management issues related: partners identification, negociation of the cooperation protocol, decision making process and resource management, assesment, etc.
Cuvinte cheie: partnership, public administration, non-governmental organizations, public-private partnership, partnership management
Cod JEL: L33, L38
Paginatia: 323 – 329
Titlul Lucrarii: ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON WORK PERFORMANCE
Autor(ii): Bucurean Mirela, Costin Madalina – Adriana
Rezumat: Nowadays, in times of economic crisis, most managers or entrepreneurs have to cope with a lot of new job challenges which can easily transform into stressors. Work related stress is of growing concern because it has significant economic implications for the organization. Even if some stress is a normal part of life, excessive stress can influence oneâs productivity, health and emotions and it has to be taken under control. When people lose confidence, they refuse to take responsibilities, they get quickly irritated, they are unsatisfied of their job, their performance will be very low and the organization will be in danger. Fortunately, most managers and entrepreneurs know which stress main symptoms are and have the necessary knowledge for managing and reducing it before it can affect employeesâ daily work. Stress can have an impact both on the organizational welfare and on personal behavior of supervisors or employees, thatâs why, the ability of managing it can make the difference between jobâs success or failure. The purpose of this paper is to study Romanian managers and entrepreneurs from Bihor Countyâs perception regarding the stress phenomenon, if they feel that they are affected by stress, if they promote some methods to reduce it and if they consider that stress can influence the organizational performance. As a research method we used an online questionnaire, applied to a number of 75 managers and entrepreneurs that represent the target group of the project “Flexibility and performance through management, project financed by the European Social Fund Invest in people”. Each participant had to answer a number of 35 questions regarding stress and the results will be presented in this paper. The main conclusion is that, even if job itself is seen as a stressor, there are other important factors that can produce stress such as: family problems, personal problems or social problems.
Cuvinte cheie: organizational stress, impact, managers, entrepreneurs, work performance
Cod JEL: M54
Paginatia: 333 – 337
Titlul Lucrarii: ELEMENTS FOR A MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SCHOOL FOR WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS OF ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Botezat Elena Aurelia, Tarcza Teodora Mihaela
Rezumat: Romanian mentality, especially in rural areas is deeply influenced by culture, literature and history of the Romanian people. This proves to be both adaptable and rooted in the old Romanian traditions and customs. In the last two decades, the transition from socialism to capitalism, modern society, the socio-economic development of the country has left strong impressions on the way of thought, expression and action of the Romanian people.
Women in rural areas are no exception. As some groups of people interested in their development of social-economic scale, rural women are trying to adapt, to evolve, to overcome the barriers imposed at psychologically, socially and financially.
The paper highlights the results of a survey on a sample of 979 women students in the project “Entrepreneurship and Equal Opportunities. An inter-regional model for women entrepreneurial school “(AntrES acronym), which certified mediators intention to initiate their own business.The results of questionnaires have provided important information about the character, ambition, motivation, courage, and moral support and financial support to women entrepreneurs based in Romania, including those in rural areas. The information obtained inetrmediul “I shattered” 7 myths about starting a business in our country. Romanian entrepreneur spirit, women in rural areas in Romania is not only a manifestation of strong desire to improve living standards in financial terms, but rather an “effort” to improve and “beauty” of the individual, family, environment and society we belong!
In developed countries, at its home, female entrepreneurship is trying to reform, to seek new solutions to rethink the principles, to exercise imagination, to learn. Here, in Romania standard behavior still predominates. Female entrepreneurs are doing what everyone else in the same category does. The future however belongs to those who will opt diversity, surprise, excitement, personalization. How could this happen in the Romanian rural environment and take place in a sustainable way?
Cuvinte cheie women antrepreneurship, romanian mentality, rural zone, miths, pottential
Cod JEL: M12, M52
Paginatia: 339 – 345
Titlul Lucrarii: HOW FUTURE MANAGERS VIEW SOCIETAL CULTURE: A CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON
Autor(ii): CATANA GHEORGHE ALEXANDRU, CATANA DOINA
Rezumat: Our study aims at enriching the existing literature about the prospective managers view of an ideal societal value system and the existing cultural practices in their society. The findings about the studentsâ perception on cultural practices and their expectations about societal culture are helpful in imagining the societal culture in its dynamics. The research sample consists of 727 students in business and engineering on undergraduate and graduate levels from Romania and Slovenia. The reason we have chosen to compare Romanian sample with the cultural profile of the average future manager from Slovenia is the scientific curiosity of finding out if there are signs of cultural convergence of Romania with a previous communist country, and an older member of European Union. In doing so, our study will hopefully broaden the body of knowledge about the cultural convergence (or divergence?) between the former socialist countries joining European Union. The theoretical and methodological foundation is rooted in GLOBE international research project. Our findings revealed that at practices level,Romanians perceive significant higher Power Distance and significant lower mean value for Uncertainty Avoidance. At the expectations level, the Romanians and Slovenians are very similar in the desire concerning their societies orientation toward In group/Family Collectivism, Assertiveness and Performance Orientation, and record significant differenced in all the other societal values. The fact that for all the cultural expectations the future managers assign different mean values than for the correspondent practices make us expect that they will act to change their cultural environments. Still, the cultural orientation of Romanian future middle managers will differ in many regards from the Slovenian sample averages.
Cuvinte cheie: societal culture, cultural practice, cultural value, Romania, Slovenia
Cod JEL: M14, M19
Paginatia: 347 – 351
Titlul Lucrarii: EXPLANATORY ECONOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS IN ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Rosca Constantin
Rezumat: Our paper, entitled “Explanatory Econometric Method for the Analysis of the Behaviour Management in Organizations in Romania” reflects the wide opening of econometric modelling to quantify the Romanian management issues, representing a practical guidance on multiple recovery plans to fund the huge data collected as part COMOR project launched by the Scientific Society of Management in Romania to characterize the behaviour of managers in the Romanian economic organizations. Construction of these models offers possibilities for complex analysis, descriptive and factorial sequence of firms, counties, geographical areas, but comprehensive summary of studies on the macroeconomic level. Scientific knowledge through a comprehensive assessment of managerial behaviour in the most representative types of business organizations of all geographical areas of the country are, in the context of globalization, one way to prevent surprises market economy. Thus, the results of this exploratory research will provide economic environment, and not only strong argument for anticipating decisions in order to choose the best economic policies, with beneficial effects as conclusive and with as few undesirable implications. Research based on the opinions of thousands of respondents approved, processed through a variety of instruments subject of extensive econometric and interdisciplinary interpretation, psycho-socio-economic management, is a modest contribution to the affirmation of local scientific research that aim for theoretical and applied Romanian school of management by defining:
- knowledge of behaviour management in all types of business organizations in Romania;
- identifying the Romanian space dimensions of organizational culture as a reflection of the peculiarities of national culture and especially of the main ethnic-specific subcultures;
- profile defining effective manager and leader of excellence in terms of character traits and their behaviour.
Cuvinte cheie: econometrics, management, organizational culture, descriptive analysis, factorial analysis.
Cod JEL: M12
Paginatia: 353 – 363
Titlul Lucrarii: THE NEED FOR PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Autor(ii): Marcu Nicu, Meghisan Madalina Georgeta
Rezumat: Public debt is created when the necessary resources for the socio-economic development of a state are greater than the opportunities that exist at that time. The destination of the necessary resources acquired from foreign markets can be either consumption by raising the standard of living (on short term) or investments in order to reduce the discrepancies in relation to the European Union through investments in infrastructure, jobs, human and technical capital development.
The scientific research aims to clarify several key objectives, namely: the theoretical concept and its belonging in the governance politics; the dynamics of public debt in Romania and the identification of specific features of the indebtedness decision, the influence of the current global economic crisis on the Romanian economy, the analysis of Romania’s public debt sustainability integrated in the European structures, and proposals for action in order to return as soon as possible to a positive economic dynamics with direct impact on people’s standard of living.
The theme of this research is contemporary in the context of the financial and economical global crisis and the difficulties in overcoming this period. The need to coordination the fiscal and budgetary policies in Romania, the awareness that the accumulation of a large public debt presents a threat to future generations, the increase of the tax pressure over a market that trends towards globalization and the impact that the aging of the population will have on the public finances sparked public controversy, both in the academic environment and in the media. To continuously borrow resources and maintain a stable level for them requires a sustainable public debt, an important objective of any stateâs tax policy. A sustainable public debt is the result of the market and of the fiscal and budgetary policy decisions.
Although the sustainability of public finances and implicitly of public debt has been an issue extensively debated for over a century, they currently remain vague concepts. Although, intuitively, it is natural to consider that a fiscal policy is sustainable if it avoids financial collapse, there is no generally accepted definition in terms of sustainable public debt, respectively a sustainable level of public debt. The methodology of this research is stressed by the large number of statistical data on public debt dynamics used in the analysis, relevant in this regard are the national and international databases: the National Bank of Romania, Ministry of Public Finances, World Bank, Euro stat, the statistical database of the European Commission, the database of the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the normative documents consulted in order to ensure the terminological accuracy of the concepts, the numerous theoretical and empirical studies of Romanian and foreign specialists, the views and arguments of scientific researchers with high experience in the field.
The personal contribution to the researched field is present throughout this work. Thus, I aimed to clarify some theoretical aspects of the issues addressed, of some concepts and economic notions to elucidate the studied phenomenon by using a large number of statistical data in order to analyses the dynamics of public debt in Romania, in comparison with other former communist countries and to formulate proposals for a long-term sustained recovery and a sustainable economic growth.
Cuvinte cheie: public debt, budget deficit, external financing, public debt management, degree of indebtedness, public debt service
Cod JEL: H63
Paginatia: 365 – 371
Titlul Lucrarii: IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE LESS FAVOURED AREAS OF ROMANIA
Autor(ii): Tileaga Cosmin, Cosmescu Ioan
Rezumat: This paper deals with finding solutions for improving the economic activities in Romaniaâs undeveloped areas, which still represent a major problem for this countryâs economy. During 1999 and 2009, these areas were considered tax havens, due to some facilities accorded by the Government and the EU (headage compensatory allowances*, tax deductions, non-refundable funds). Many had the opportunity to invest in those regions, but no positive effect was to be seen. Tulcea County (Danube Delta area), coal mine regions, rural areas and the North-East area (Suceava and Botosani county) are considered to be Romaniaâs less favoured areas.
* The objective of these schemes is to provide a reasonable level of income for farmers where natural production conditions are least favourable so as to conserve the countryside by the prevention of further depopulation of rural areas. Compensatory allowances are payable to farmers for the keeping of cattle, sheep and goats. (www.europa.eu)
Cuvinte cheie: less favoured areas, non-refundable funds, tax havens, economic growth, economic activities
Cod JEL: E60
Paginatia: 373 – 380
